Aitbayeva, B., Karybaeva, S. , Mirzahmetov, A. , Toleubayeva, K. and Zharmaganbetova, A. 2024. Historical Reality as an Integral System in the Context of the Development of Kazakh Culture and Islamic Traditions. Journal of Al-Tamaddun. 19, 1 (Jun. 2024), 121–131. DOI:https://doi.org/10.22452/JAT.vol19no1.9.