A Survey-Based Assessment of Construction and Demolition Waste Management Practices in Malaysia

Abstract

The Malaysian construction sector has experienced rapid growth driven by continuous national development. However, this expansion has intensified challenges related to the management of construction and demolition (C&D) waste, as increasing construction activities generate substantial volumes of waste materials. In response, this study aims to minimise the environmental impacts of the construction sector by promoting effective C&D waste management practices within the Malaysian construction industry. Specifically, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive assessment of C&D waste management practices in Malaysia by examining practitioners’ awareness, identifying key implementation barriers, evaluating the impacts of inadequate waste management, and proposing targeted strategies for improvement. A quantitative survey approach was adopted, and descriptive analysis was conducted on data collected from 187 Grade 1 to Grade 7 contractors, representing a response rate of 46.75%. The findings revealed that the primary barrier to implementing effective C&D waste management is the lack of knowledge among practitioners regarding waste management practices. In addition, illegal dumping was identified as the most significant environmental impact resulting from poor C&D waste management. The study also found that the most widely supported strategy for improving C&D waste management is the adoption of the waste management hierarchy through the implementation of 3R practices (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle). The findings contribute valuable insights into sustainable construction practices and provide practical guidance for enhancing C&D waste management in the Malaysian construction industry.