Islam, Wanita, dan Kemodenan: Representasi Wanita Muslim Bosnia dalam Akhbar Bošnjak Awal Abad ke-20
Islam, Women, and Modernity: The Representation of Bosnian Muslim Women in the Bošnjak Newspaper in the Early 20th Century
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22452/JAT.vol21no2.4Keywords:
Wanita Muslim, Bosnia, akhbar Bošnjak, jantina, kemodenan, pascakolonialismeAbstract
Pada awal abad ke-20, masyarakat Muslim Bosnia berhadapan dengan transformasi sosial dan intelektual yang dipengaruhi oleh pemerintahan Austria-Hungary dan era kemodenan. Dalam konteks ini, akhbar Bošnjak menjadi medium penting yang bukan sahaja mencerminkan, tetapi juga membentuk naratif peranan wanita Muslim dalam masyarakat kolonial. Namun, kajian terhadap bagaimana media Islam awal berperanan dalam mendefinisikan semula identiti wanita Muslim dalam konteks pertembungan antara Islam, nasionalisme, dan kolonialisme masih kurang diterokai. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif iaitu analisis terhadap kandungan akhbar Bošnjak (1897–1910) bagi mengenal pasti strategi yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan idea kemodenan dan batasan gender dalam masyarakat Muslim Bosnia. Kajian ini berhujah bahawa media Muslim tidak hanya menjadi alat untuk mengekalkan norma patriarki Islam tradisional, tetapi turut membentuk wacana baharu yang mencabar serta mentransformasi peranan wanita sebagai agen perubahan sosial. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa Bošnjak memperlihatkan ketegangan ideologi antara identiti Islam, nasionalisme Bosnia, dan pengaruh kolonialisme Eropah dalam membentuk pemikiran wanita Muslim. Artikel ini memberikan perspektif baharu terhadap sejarah feminisme Islam dalam konteks Balkan khususnya di Bosnia-Herzegovina, dan juga membuka ruang baharu untuk memahami peranan media Muslim dalam menggambarkan perihal wanita dalam kemodenan era kolonialisme.
During the early 20th century, Bosnian Muslim society experienced social and intellectual transformation influenced by Austro-Hungarian rule and the wave of modernity. That is where the role of the Bošnjak newspaper fits into the broader context in which it not only reflected but shaped the debate on what Muslim women’s roles were in colonial society. There still exist very few studies, however, on how early Islamic media remade Muslim women’s identities at the intersection of Islam, nationalism, and colonialism. This article employs a qualitative approach through content analysis of Bošnjak (1897–1910) to identify strategies used to articulate ideas of modernity and gender borders in Bosnian Muslim society. The study believes that Muslim media were not merely tools to consolidate traditional Islamic patriarchal norms but also contributed to creating new discourses opposing and reconfiguring women’s roles as agents of social transformation. The finding reveal that Bošnjak delineates ideological contradictions among Islamic identity, Bosnian nationalism, and European colonialism in formulating Muslim women’s perspectives. The article introduces a new understanding of the Balkan history of Islamic feminism in Bosnia-Herzegovina while creating new avenues to understand the role of Muslim media in representing women’s lives during the modern colonial era.
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