Isu Sosial Masyarakat Melayu di Johor 1920 hingga 1941: Peranan Agama Islam sebagai Penyelesaian Berdasarkan Majalah dan Akhbar Tempatan
Social Issues of the Malay Community in Johor 1920 until 1941: The Role of Islam as a Solution Based on Local Magazines and Newspapers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22452/JAT.vol21no2.10Keywords:
Isu sosial, agama Islam, akhbar, majalah, JohorAbstract
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan isu sosial serta peranan agama Islam sebagai penyelesaian berdasarkan majalah dan akhbar di Johor Sebelum Perang Dunia Kedua. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan pensejarahan iaitu penulisan sejarah dengan membuat perincian mengenai prinsip atau kaedah penulisan sejarah dan karya atau hasil penulisan yang berkaitan dengan penelitian sudut pandangan pengarang akhbar dan majalah dalam membicarakan aspek sosial masyarakat Melayu terutamanya yang menyentuh persoalan moral dan kebebasan sosial. Pendekatan kajian pensejarahan yang digunakan dalam kajian ini melalui empat langkah iaitu heuristik, kritikan sumber, interpretasi, dan penulisan sejarah. Justeru itu, kajian ini telah menggunakan akhbar dan majalah sebagai sumber primer dan disokong oleh sumber-sumber yang lain seperti dokumen, laporan dan sumber sekunder bagi menjawab permasalahan kajian iaitu isu moral dan kebebasan sosial serta penyelesaian dengan menggunakan agama Islam yang terdapat dalam majalah dan akhbar di Johor dalam tempoh pra-Perang Dunia Kedua. Golongan berpendidikan tinggi yang menerajui akhbar dan majalah di Johor ini dilihat memainkan peranan sebagai pemberi kesedaran kepada masyarakat tempatan dengan menjadi pihak yang bertanggungjawab sebagai pengkritik sosial sekaligus penganjur kemajuan demi memajukan bangsa Melayu dan orang Johor khasnya. Kajian ini mendapati penulis majalah dan akhbar telah memaparkan sikap dan reaksi orang Melayu terhadap segala permasalahan dan perubahan yang berlaku di sekeliling mereka seperti isu keruntuhan moral dan agama serta masalah kepercayaan karut. Sehubungan itu, pihak penulis akhbar dan majalah turut memberi cadangan iaitu cara untuk mengatasi masalah sosial menerusi pengukuhan agama.
This article aims to discuss social issues and the role of Islam as a solution based on magazines and newspapers in Johor before the Second World War. This study uses a historiography approach which is the writing of History by detailing the principles or methods of writing history and the works or results of writing related to researching the point of view of newspaper and magazine authors in discussing the social aspects of Malay society, especially those that touch on moral issues and social freedom. The historical research approach used in this study goes through four steps, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historical writing. Therefore, this study has used newspapers and magazines as primary sources and is supported by other sources such as documents, reports and secondary sources to answer the research problems which are moral issues and social freedom as well as solutions by using the Islamic religion found in magazines and newspapers in Johor in the period before the Second World War. The highly educated people who lead the newspapers and magazines in Johor are seen to be playing a role in giving awareness to the local community by being the responsible party as social critics and promoters of progress for the advancement of the Malay nation and the people of Johor in particular. This study found that magazine and newspaper writers have displayed the attitudes and reactions of the Malays to all the problems and changes happening around them such as the issue of moral and religious collapse and the problem of superstition. Concerning that, newspaper and magazine writers also gave suggestions on how to overcome social problems by strengthening religion.
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