Eulogi Seratus Perkataan: Silang Budaya Islam-Cina Pada Era Zhu Yuanzhang
Eulogy of Hundred Words: Islam-Chinese Cultural Interactions During the Era of Zhu Yuanzhang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22452/JAT.vol21no2.11Keywords:
Baizizan, Zhu Yuanzhang, Masyarakat Islam Hui, toleransi beragama, integrasi budayaAbstract
Baizizan atau Eulogi Seratus Perkataan merupakan manifestasi penghargaan Zhu Yuanzhang terhadap agama Islam semasa era baginda. Eulogi tersebut menunjukkan aspek politik, toleransi beragama dan peranan yang dimainkan oleh masyarakat Islam Cina dalam mempertahankan Dinasti Ming. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kedudukan Baizizan sebagai teks silang budaya yang membentuk perbincangan tentang hubungan Islam-China semasa Dinasti Ming. Justeru, kajian ini menilai pelbagai teks, kandungan inskripsi dan perbandingan dengan sumber sejarah rasmi dan bukan rasmi dengan menggunakan pendekatan filologi, epigrafi dan analisis perbandingan sumber bagi menyaring unsur sejarah yang sahih daripada naratif legenda atau idealisme pasca-Dinasti Ming. Baizizan menjadi wahana strategik hasil gabungan unsur teologi Islam, falsafah Timur dan gaya penulisan klasik Cina dalam usaha Zhu Yuanzhang untuk menyepadukan Islam ke dalam wacana politik negara China. Natijahnya, dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa teks ini bukan sekadar ekspresi toleransi simbolik tetapi merupakan instrumen legitimasi politik yang memperlihatkan strategi integrasi budaya secara berhemah. Tuntasnya, kajian ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman baharu tentang interaksi agama dan kuasa dalam sejarah China, khususnya semasa Dinasti Ming dalam konteks pembinaan tamadun pelbagai etnik.
Baizizan or the Eulogy of One Hundred Words, represents Zhu Yuanzhang’s expression of esteem for Islam during his reign. The eulogy reflects political considerations, religious tolerance, and the role played by the Chinese Muslim community in defending the Ming Dynasty. The aim of this study is to examine the position of Baizizan as a cross-cultural text that shaped discourse on Islam-China relations during the Ming period. Accordingly, this research evaluates various textual sources, inscriptional content, and comparisons with both official and unofficial historical records. It employs philological, epigraphic and comparative source analysis in order to distinguish authentic historical elements from legendary narratives or post-Ming idealisation. Baizizan functioned as a strategic medium through the integration of Islamic theology, Eastern philosophy and classical Chinese literary style in Zhu Yuanzhang’s effort to incorporate Islam into the political discourse of the Chinese state. The findings demonstrate that the text was not merely an expression of symbolic tolerance, but rather an instrument of political legitimation that illustrates a measured strategy of cultural integration. In conclusion, this study contributes a renewed understanding of the interaction between religion and power in Chinese history, particularly during the Ming Dynasty, within the broader context of multi-ethnic civilisational formation.
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